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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Comparative study of biological and mechanical prosthesis in mitral and aortic valve replacement

Domingo M Braile; Roberto V Ardito; Marcos Zaiantchick; José L. Verde Santos; Nelson L. K. L Campos; José Luiz B Jacob; Dorotéia R. S Souza; Walter Rade; Maria Inês Martins; Adalberto M Lorga

DOI: 10.1590/S0102-76381988000300001

ABSTRACT

We studied 1222 patients, who underwent isolated valve replacement; 652 had single mitral (MVR) and 570 single aortic (AVR) replacement. The patients were classified by sex, age and etiology. In the MVR group, the patients received 126 mechanical prostheses, as follow: 49 Björk-Shiley (B-S); 71 Lillehei-Kaster (L-K); 6 Hall-Kaster (H-K) and 526 IMC cardiac prosteses from bovine pericardium (PBIMC). The postoperative follow-up was 95% to 100%. The hospital mortality was 21 % for L-K and 9,5% for PBIMC. The incidence of thrombosis and thromboembolism in events per 100 patients-year was 7.7; 5.6; 6.7 and 1.0 for B-S; L-K; H-K and PBIMC, respectively. The incidence of calcification and tears was 1.8 per 100 patients-years for PBIMC, and did not occur with mechanical prostheses. Only the patients with mechanical prosteses were anticoagulated. In the AVR group, the patients received 336 mechanical prostheses: 92 B-S; 112 L-K; 113 H-K and 234 PBIMC. The postoperative follow-up was 97% to 100%. The hospital mortality was 5.5% for mechanical group, and 2.6% for biological. The incidence of thrombosis and thromboembolism in events per 100 patients-year was 3.0 for B-S; 2.3 for L-K; 2.5 for H-K and 0.3 for PBIMC. Calcification, tear and mechanical failure was 0.54 per 100 patients-year for PBIMC and 0.38 per 100 patients-year for H-K. In the mechanical group, the patients received aspirin and dipiridamole, and 30% of them oral anticoagulants. The authors concluded that the survival, in general manner, isn't related with the type of prosthesis. The incidence of thrombosis and thromboembolism in higher with mechanical valves, and the rate of complications is lower with biological valves. Oral anticoagulation is forceable with mechanical prosthesis in MVR, but unessential in AVR. The bioprosthetic valves don't need anticoagulation. For these reasons, the authors employ by routine, mechanical prostheses for AVR, unless there were counterindications, and biologycal prostheses for MVR.

RESUMO

Foram estudados 1222 pacientes, submetidos a troca valvar simples, sendo 652 mitráis (Mi) e 570 aórticas (Ao). Os pacientes foram classificados por sexo, idade e etiologia. No grupo Mi. receberam 126 próteses mecânicas, como segue: 49 Björk-Shiley (B-S); 71 Lillehei-Kaster (L-K); 6 Hall-Kaster (H-K) e 526 próteses de pericárdio bovino IMC (PBIMC). O seguimento pós-operatório foi de 95% a 100%. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 21 % para a L-K e 9,5% para a PBIMC. A incidência de trombose e tromboembolismos em eventos por 100% pacientes-ano foi de 7,7; 5,6; 6,7 e 1,0 para: B-S, L-K, H-K e PBIMC, respectivamente. A incidência de calcificação e roturas foi de 1,8 por 100 pacientes-ano para a PBIMC, e náo ocorreu nas próteses mecânicas. Somente os pacientes com próteses mecânicas foram anticoagulados. O grupo Ao totalizou 336 próteses mecânicas (92 B-S, 111 L-K, 133 H-K) e 234 PBIMC. O seguimento pós-operatório foi de 97% a 100%. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 5,5% para o grupo das mecânicas e 2,6% para o das biológicas. A incidência de trombose e tromboembolismo em eventos por 100 pacientes-ano foi de 3,0 para B-S, 2-3 para L-K, 2,5 para H-K e 0,3 para PBIMC. Calcificação, roturas e falhas mecânicas foram de 0,54 eventos por 100 pacientes-ano para PBIMC e de 0,38 eventos por 100 pacientes-ano para H-K. No grupo mecânico, os pacientes receberam aspirina e dipiridamol e 30% receberam anticoagulante oral. Os autores concluíram que a sobrevida, de um modo geral, não está relacionada ao tipo de prótese empregada. A incidência de trombose e tromboembolismo é mais elevada com válvulas mecânicas, e a taxa de complicações é mais baixa com válvulas biológicas. A anticoagulação oral é obrigatória para as próteses mecânicas na posição Mi, mas não é essencial na posição Ao. As biopróteses não necessitam de anticoagulantes. Por estes motivos, os autores empregam, de rotina, próteses mecânicas para a posição Ao, a menos que existam contra-indicações, e biopróteses para a posição Mi.
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