REFERÊNCIAS

1. AUSTIN, J. B. & CULLEN, G. E. - Hydrogen ion concentration of the blood in the health and disease. Medicine, 4: 275-343, 1925.

2. BASHEIN, G.; TOWNES, B. D.; NESSLY, M. L.; BLEDSOE, S. W.; HORNBEIN, T. F.; DAVIS, K. B.; GOLDSTEIN, D. E.; COPPEL, D. B. - A randomized study of carbon dioxide management during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology, 72: 7-15, 1990. [MedLine]

3. BECKER, H.; VINTEN-JOHANSEN, J.; BUCKBERG, G. D.; ROBERTSON, J. M.; LEAF, J. D.; LAZAR, H. L.; MANGANARO, A. J. - Myocardial damage caused by keeping pH 7,40 during sistemic deep hypothermia. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc Surg., 82: 810-820, 1981.

4. BELSEY, R. H. R.; DOWLATSHAHI, K.; KEEN, G.; SKINNER, D. B. - Profound hypothermia in cardiac surgery. J. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 56: 497-509, 1968. [MedLine]

5. BOVE, E. L.; WEST, H. L.; PASKANIK, A. M. - Hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass: a comparison between alpha and pH-stat regulation in the dog. J. Surg. Res., 42: 66-73, 1987. [MedLine]

6. BRADLEY, A. F.; STUFFEL, M.; SEVERINGHAUS, J. W. - Effect of temperature on PCO2 and PO2 of blood in vitro. J. Appl. Physiol., 9: 201-204, 1956. [MedLine]

7. DAVIS, B. - On the importance of being ionized. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 78: 497-509, 1958. [MedLine]

8. ERGIN, M. A.; GALLA, J. D.; LANSMAN, S. L.; QUINTANA, C.; BODIAN, C.; GRIEPP, R. B. - Hypothermic circulatory arrest in operations on the thoracic orta. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 107: 788-799, 1994.

9. HENRIKSEN, L. - Brain luxury perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass in humans: a study of cerebral blood flow response to changes to changes in CO2, O2, and blood pressure. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 6: 366-378, 1986. [MedLine]

10. HICKEY, P. R. & ANDERSEN, N. P. - Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest: a review of pathophysiology and clinical experience as a basis for anesthetic management. J. Cardiothorac. Anesth., 1: 137-155, 1987. [MedLine]

11. HOWELL, B. J.; BAUMGARTNER, F. W.; BONDI, K.; RAHN, H. - Acid-base balance in cold-blooded vertebratess as a function of body temperature. Am. J. Physiol., 218: 600-606, 1970. [MedLine]

12. JONAS, R. A.; BELLINGER, D. C; RAPPAPORT, L. A.; WERNOVSKY, G.; HICKEY, P. R.; FARREL, D. M.; NEWBURGER, J. W. - Relation of pH strategy and development outcome after hypothermic circulatory arrest. J. Thorac Cardiovasc. Surg., 106: 362-368, 1993. [MedLine]

13. KERN, F. H.; UNGERLEIDER, R. M.; QUILL, T. J.; BALDWIN, B.; WHITE, W. D.; REVES, J. G.; GREELEY, W. J. - Cerebral blood flow response to changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in children. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc Surg., 101: 618-622, 1991. [MedLine]

14. KOUCHOUKOS, N. T.; WAREING, T. H.; IZUMOTO, H.; KLAUSING, W.; ABBOUD, N. - Elective hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest for spinal cord protection during operations on the thoracoabdominal aorta. J. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 99: 659-664, 1990. [MedLine]

15. McCONNELL, D. H.; WHITE, F.; NELSON, R. L.; GOLDSTEIN, S. M.; MALONEY, J. V.; DeLAND, E. C; BUCKBERG, G. D. - Importance of alkalosis in maintenance of "ideal" blood pH during hypothermia. Surg. Forum, 26: 263-265, 1975. [MedLine]

16. MATTHEWS, A. S.; STEAD, A. L; ABBOTT, T. R. Acid-base control during hypothermia. Anaesthesia, 39: 649-654, 1984. [MedLine]

17. MURKIN, J. M.; FARRAR, J. K.; TWEED, W. A.; McKENZIE, F. N.; GUIRAUDON, G. - Cerebral autoregulation and flow/metabolism coupling during cardiopulmonary bypass: the influence of PaCO2. Anesth. Analg., 66: 825-832, 1987. [MedLine]

18. MURKIN, J. M.; MARTZKE, J. S.; BUCHAN, A. M.; BENTLEY, C. - pH management during prolonged hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass significantly influences the incidence of postoperative neuropsychological dysfunction. Can. J. Anaesth., 40: A46, 1993. [MedLine]

19. NEVIN, M.; COLCHESTER, A. L.; ADAMS, S.; PEPPER, J. R. - Evidence for involvement of hypocapnia and hypoperfusion in aetiology of neurological deficit after cardiopulmonary bypass. Lancet, 2: 1493-1495, 1987. [MedLine]

20. NEVIN, M. & PEPPER, J. R. - Carbon dioxide, brain damage and cardiac surgery. Lancet, 1: 949,1988. [MedLine]

21. NIAZI, S. A. & LEWIS, F. J. - Profound hypothermia in the dog. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet, 102: 98-106, 1956. [MedLine]

22. NORWOOD, W. I.; NORWOOD, C. R.; CASTANEDA, A. R. - Cerebral anoxia: effect of deep hypothermia and pH. Surgery, 86: 203-209, 1979. [MedLine]

23. PROUGH, D. S.; STUMP, D. A.; ROY, R. C.; GRAVLEE, C. P.; WILLIAMS, T.; MILLS, S. A.; HINSHELWOOD, L.; HOWARD, G. - Response of cerebral blood flow to change in carbon dioxide tension during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology, 64: 576-581, 1986. [MedLine]

24. RAHN, H. - Body temperature and acid-base regulation. Pneumologie, 151: 87-94, 1974.

25. RAHN, H.; REEVES, R. B.; HOWELL, B. J. - Hydrogen ion regulation, temperature and evolution. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 112: 165-172, 1975. [MedLine]

26. REAM, A. K.; REITZ, B. A.; SILVERBERG, G. - Temperature correction of PCO2 and pH in estimating acid-basic status: an example of the emperor's new clothes? Anesthesiology, 56: 41-44, 1982. [MedLine]

27. REEVES, R. B. - Role of body temperature in determining the acid-base state in vertebrates. Fed. Proc, 28: 1204-1208,, 1969. [MedLine]

28. REEVES, R. B. - An imidazolic alphastat hypothesis for vertebrate acid-base regulation: tissue carbon dioxide content and body temperature in bullfrogs. Respir. Physiol., 14: 219-236, 1972. [MedLine]

29. REEVES, R. B. - Temperature-iduced changes in blood acid-base statusp: Donnan r Cl and red cell volume. J. Appl. Pysiol, 40: 762-767, 1976.

30. REEVES, R. B. - Temperature-induced changes in blood acid-base status: pH and PaCO2 in a binary buffer. J. Appl. Physiol., 40: 752-761, 1976. [MedLine]

31. ROSENTHAL, T.B. - The effect of temperature on the pH of blood and plasma in vitro. J. Biol. Chem., 173: 25-30, 1948. [MedLine]

32. SEVERINGHAUS, J. W. - Blood gas calculator. J. Appl. Pysiol., 21: 1108-1116, 1948.

33. SEVERINGHAUS, H. W. - Respiration and hypothermia. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 80: 384-394, 1959. [MedLine]

34. STADIE, W. C.; AUSTIN, J. B.; ROBINSON, H. W. - The effect of temperature on the acid-base proteins equilibrium and its influence on the CO2 absorptions curve of whole blood, true, and separated plasma. J. Biol. Chem., 66: 901-920, 1925.

35. SVENSSON, L. G.; CRAWFORD, E. S.; HESS, K. R.; COSELLI, J. S.; SAFI, H. J. - Deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest: determinants of stroke and early mortality in 656 adult patients. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 106: 19-31, 1993.

36. SWAIN, J. A. - Hypothermia and blood pH. Arch. Intern. Med., 148: 1643-1646, 1988. [MedLine]

37. SWAIN, J. A.; McDONALD, T. J.; ROBBINS, R. C.; HAMPSHIRE, V. A. - Hemodynamics and metabolism during surface induced hypothermia in the dog: a comparison of pH management strategies. J. Surg. Res., 48: 217-222, 1990. [MedLine]

38. SWAIN, J. A.; WHITE, F. N.; PETERS, R. M. - The effect of pH on the hypothermic ventricular fibrilation treshold. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 87: 445-451, 1984. [MedLine]

39. SWAN, H. - The hydroxil-hydrogen ion concentration ratio during hypothermia. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 155: 897-912, 1982. [MedLine]

40. SWAN, H. - The importance of acid-base management for cardiac and cerebral preservation during open heart operations. Surg Gynecol. Obstet., 158: 391-414, 1984. [MedLine]

41. VENN, G. E.; SHERRY, K.; KLINGER, L.; NEWMAN, S.; HARRISON, M.; ELL, P. J.; TREASURE, T. - Cerebral blood flow determinants and their clinical implication during cardiopulmonary bypass. Perfusion, 3: 271-280, 1988.

42. WHITE, F. N. - A comparative physiological approach to hypothermia. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 82: 821-828, 1981.

43. WILLIAMS, J. J. & MARSHALL, B. E. - A fresh look at an old question. Anesthesiology, 56: 1-2, 1982. [MedLine]

Article receive on quarta-feira, 4 de agosto de 1993