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ARTIGO ORIGINAL

Cardioplegia cristalóide, barotrauma e função endotelial: considerações experimentais

Paulo Roberto B ÉvoraI; Paul J PearsonII; Marilyn OeltjenII; Berent DiscigilII; Hartzell V SchaffII

DOI: 10.1590/S0102-76381996000200010

RESUMO

O presente ensaio experimental estudou o efeito da infusão de solução cardioplégica cristalóide a altas pressões sobre a função endotelial de artérias epicárdicas de cães. Não se encontraram alterações a nível de receptores (curvas dose-respostas à ACH e ADP; da transdução do sinal iniciado nos receptores/sitema de G-proteínas (fluoreto de sódio) e nos processos intracelulares da produção de EDRF/ NO (fosfolipase C e ionóforo do cálcio A23187). A função da musculatura lisa vascular não foi afetada quando se analisaram as respostas relaxantes (nitroprussiato de sódio e isoproterenol) e contrateis (KCI e prostaglandina 2alfa). Estes achados permitem as seguintes considerrações especulativas: a) O barotrauma produzido pela infusão da cardioplegia cristalóide a altas pressões ocorreria apenas em circulações coronarianas previamente doentes? b) Uma vez que as infusões duraram de 2 a 3 minutos, seria o barotrauma coronariano um fenômeno dependente do tempo de infusão? c) Para que ocorra o barotrauma seriam necessários níveis mais elevados de potássio? d) Questionar a existência do fenômeno do barotrauma coronariano produzido pela infusão de soluções cadioplégicas pelo menos nas condições experimentais utilizadas, e) A metodologia empregada estuda apenas as reatividades vasculares de artérias coronárias epicárdicas. Estas artérias seriam menos sensíveis aos efeitos da pressão de infusão da cardioplegia do que a microcirculação coronariana? f) Seria a circulação coronária do cão menos sensível a altas pressões do que do homem? Estas observações experimentais sugerem que a infusão de cardioplegia cristalóide, moderadamente hipocalêmica, a altas pressõe em um tempo de 2 a 3 minutos, não interfere com a produção de EDRF/NO pelo endotélio de coronárias epicárdicas do cão.

ABSTRACT

Experiments were performed in "organ chambers" to investigate if high pressures infusions of crystalloid cardioplegia effect the endothelium function of epicardic canine coronary arteries. These experiments did not show any alterations at level of receptors (dose-response curves to ACH and ADP); signal transduction/G-proteins (dose-response curve to sodium fluoride); intracellular mechanisms of the EDRF/NO release (dose-response curves to phospholipase C and calcium ionophores A23187). The smooth muscular relaxant function (dose-response curves to sodium nitroprusside and isoproterenol) and contarctions (doseresponse curves to KCI and PGF2alpha) were also preserved. These experimental observations allow the following speculative considerations: a) Should barotrauma be a phenomenon present only in damaged coronary circulation? b) All infusion were performed in no more than two or three minutes. Is cardioplegia barotrauma a phenomenon time-dependente? c) High levels of potassium could be associated with barotrauma, d) Cardioplegia barotrauma is a fancy, at least in our experimental conditions? e) Experiments in "organ chambers" study only epicardic arteries. Could barotrauma damage the microcirculation? f) The canine coronary circulation is less affeccted by high pressure than human coronaries? These data are suggestive that crystalloid moderately hyperkalemic infusions at high pressures for two or three minutes, do not impair the endothelium release of EDRF/NO of canine epicardic coronary arteries.
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Article receive on terça-feira, 2 de abril de 1996

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